Holin Superfamily IV
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The Holin superfamily IV is a superfamily of integral
membrane transport protein A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembra ...
s. It is one of the seven different holin superfamilies in total. The Holin superfamily IV includes the TC families:
1.E.10
- The ''Bacillus subtilis'' φ29 Holin (φ29 Holin) Family
1.E.16
- The Cph1 Holin (Cph1 Holin) Family
1.E.19
- The ''Clostridium difficile'' TcdE Holin (TcdE Holin) Family
1.E.40
- The Mycobacterial 4 TMS Phage Holin (MP4 Holin) Family Superfamily IV includes four TC families, which includes members from ''
Bacillota The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earl ...
'', ''
Actinomycetota The ''Actinomycetota'' (or ''Actinobacteria'') are a phylum of all gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to s ...
'' and ''
Fusobacteriota Fusobacteriota are obligately anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-negative bacilli. Since the first reports in the late nineteenth century, various names have been applied to these organisms, sometimes with the same name being applied to different ...
''. Their average sizes are (in amino acyl residues (aas)): TC# 1.E.10 - 138 ± 6 aas TC# 1.E.16 - 149 ± 15 aas TC# 1.E.19 - 141 ± 12 aas TC# 1.E.40 - 173 ± 149 aas Thus, there is very little size variation among family members, except for family 40, which has members larger than the other proteins in this superfamily. All members of families 10 and 19 and many members of family 16 appear to have 3 transmembrane segments (TMSs), but some members of this last family are predicted to have 4 TMSs. The extra TMS in these proteins is at their N-termini.


See also

*
Holin Holins are a diverse group of small proteins produced by dsDNA bacteriophages in order to trigger and control the degradation of the host's cell wall at the end of the lytic cycle. Holins form pores in the host's cell membrane, allowing lysins t ...
*
Lysin Lysins, also known as endolysins or murein hydrolases, are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages in order to cleave the host's cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. Lysins are highly evolved enzymes that are able to targ ...
* Transporter Classification Database


References

Holins Protein superfamilies {{membrane-protein-stub